Combination of springs



Jan. 2, 1923. 1,440,363

J. ANDRADE. Cmamnmu or Srnmasy FILED Nov. 25. 1919 2 SHEETS-SHEET 1Inz/e far Jules flhalra le Jan. 2, 1923.

J. ANDRADE. COMBINATION OF SPRlNos.

I F1 LED Nov. 25. 1919 Fig.5. mum! F HHTHWHW 2 SHEETS-SHEET Z [12Vania/"5 :7. A nor'aoe Ally Patented Jan. 2, 1923.

UNITED STATES JULES ANDRADE, OF DOUBS, FRANCE.

COMBINATION OF SPRINGS.

Application filed November 25, 1919.

To /YZ 41:72am 1'! may concern Be it known that I. [lyrics .Anpirxns. acitiizen of the French Republic. and iding at [R e des Villas Bimntincs.Reuncon. Doubs. France. have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Combinations oi? Springs. o't which the following aspecification. I

This invention has for its object to pro vide an improved combination orgroup of at least four springs of spiral or helical shape. all havingthe same dimensions and being composed oil. the same material. ar rangedin s mmetrically formed pairs, each a. fixed point of attachment to anonillating body and also a point of attachment to an oscillating solidbody. Altl'iough wanting in what known in watching as curved ends theyare combined. according to this invention with the oscil lating solidbody in such a. manner as to exert upon the latter a pure couple; allransverse pressure or pressure parallel to the axis *of oscillation.being avoided. Further, the plane of the couple is not oblique, butlocated at right angles to the axis o oscillation. For this purpose,these four springs, all unstressed in one and the same position of theoscillating solid body in which their geometrical. axes coincide witlithe axis of oscillation are arranged in such a manner as to open andclose at the same time. Moreover, the movable point of at tachment ofeach of these springs is situated on the same line (passing through theaxis) as the movable point of' attachment of one of the two springs thatare symmetrical to it as regards form, and on the same line (parallel tothe axis) as the movable point of attachment of the other one of thesetwo springs.

Two constructional examples of this invention are illustrated in theaccompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 shows a side view of a group of four helical springs, and Fig. 2shows a similar group but oppositely coiled, the two groups of Fig. 1and Fig. 2 forming together the first example of helical springs. Fig. 3shows a side view of a group of four spiral springs forming the secondexample, and Fig. 4 is a plan view of Fig. 3. Fig. 5 shows by way ofexample, the application. of a group of four spiral springs to a fixed,body and to an oscillating solid body.

The first example is composed of eight Serial No. 340,532.

helical springs, decomposable into two constructional groups eachconsisting of four springs S, S T, T (Fig. 1) and s, t, t, (Fig. 2)respectively. These eight springs are combined with a common oscillatingsolid body. The latter is represented solely by its axis Z-Z, in Figs.1-3 and by the eight movable points of attachment V, V 7, c, 1 w, w,which may be assumed to be connected by means of rigid arms toeightferrules clamped upon a shaft of the oscillating solid body. U, UY, Y ,u,u ,y, 51 are the fixed points of attachment to a non-oscillatingbody.

The second constructional example shown i.n Figure 3. identical with oneof the groups of four springs of the first example. In the said secondexample however the springs consist of flatspirals. These flat spiralsare considered by all writers of treatises on watch and clock-making asbelonging to the class of helical springs, and therefore all statementshereinafter made referring to springs of the first kindare applicablewith out more ado to these fiat spiral springs whose various points ofattachment are designated in the same manner as those of the helicalsprings.

In Fig. 5 is shown by way of example only the application of agroup offourspiral springs S, S, and T, T to a solid oscillating body A and afixed body B. The oscillating body A is provided with a member D towhich is imparted the oscillating mo tion. The springs S, S areconnected at U. U to the fixed body and at V and V to the oscillatingbody. Similarly the springs T and T are connected at Y, Y and W, l" tothe fixed and the oscillating body respectively. e

Reference being had first to the group S, S T, T (Figure 1 or 3): Thesprings S and S are symmetrical in form, as are also T and T; S and Tcan be superposed, as can also S and T. On considering more particularlythe spring S, and the two springs S and T symmetrical to it, it will benoted that the point of attachment V is situated on the same linepassing through the axis Z-Z at right angles thereto in the case ofhelical springs and obliquely thereto in the case of spiral springs asthe point of attachment V and on the same line (parallel to Z-Z) as thepoint of attachment W. On then comparing S with S and T then T with Tand S; and finally T with T and S analogous results will be found for VV, Vi W, ll V; and l WV, V respectively. All four springs open at thesame time when the solid body is oscillating from right to left.

If by reason of an oscillation of the solid body, the spring S exerts apressure at the point V of the said body, this pressure will be directedalong a straight line from V to lL either in the direction of U, or inthe opposite direction. By syi'ninetry, T will e:; ert at -W an equalpressure which is however directed along the straight line V if. 3rsimilar pressure will be exerted at f. along the straight line W Y andat "v along the straight line V U Each of these pressures can beresolved into three components, namely, a transverse component (that isto say. directed along a line intersecting ZZ at right angles) a lineparallel to and a third line having aperipheral direction (that is tosay in the direction of the motion the movable point of attachmentor inthe opposite direction thereof). It will be readily understood that thefirst con'iponents oi the pressures at V and V are equal in magnitudeand opposite in direction and therefore neutralize one another, as arealso the first components of the pressures at W l and Vi; and that thesecond componentsof the pressures at V and W will balance-one another,as will also the second components of the pressures at V and Vi Thethird components will constitute a couple whose plane is at right anglesto Z Z like the couple due to the fixing of the points of attachment.

The reasoning aboveg'iven respecting the group S S T T applies also tothe group 8 s 2? t except that the springs ofthe latter group close whenthe solid body is oscillat ing from right to left.

Since the springs s s 2/; t are made oi the same material and have thesame dimensions asrthe springs S El T T but open when the latter close,there will be perfect symmetry as regards the effects of elasticity. Totwo equal angles of oscillationin opposite directions there willcorrespond two equal couplesin opposite directions.

. The hereinab'ove described combination of aerrees and in what mannerthe san. is to be pr formed, 1 declare that what .1 claim is l. A springcontrol device comprising in combination. a body capable oi oscillationabout an a 'is. a non-oscillatin body, and a group of tour springs orthe c ate l .e curvature and dimensions, all being unstressed in thestationary :QOSllLiOD. and arranged to open and close at the same timehaving one end of each spring ":ached to the oscillating body the othereinl ot each spring attached to ti It body the four springs i arisymmetrically formed pairs th two of the springs Off each pair attachedas L oscillating bony bei passing through the a ends of the springs iugbody on the s ue side oi the axis situated. on. a line p2 'allel to theaxis 0:. tion for the purpose described.

2. ll. spring coi'nrol device on combination a body capable oi about anaxis, a non-oscillating body, and two groups composed of corn spr ielements each group containing tour helical springs oi the san'iematerial curvature and dimensions being all unstressed in thegilltionury position and one end of each spring attached to theoscillating body and one end of each attached to the nonoscillatingbody, the springs of: the one group opening when the springs of theother group close, the tour of each group being arranged in twosymmetrically "formed pairs, the two ends of the spring of each pairattached to the oscillating body being situated on a lineal; rightangles to ,t e 2!..(18 o't rota tion and the ends of the springsattached to the oscillating body on the same side of the axis beingsituated on a line parallel to the axis of rotation for the purposedescribed.

In testimony whereof l have signed my name to. this specification.

I ()ll in oscillation

